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The current state of interbreed types of Ukrainian main dairy breeds
The research was carried out on domestic breeds of dairy cattle, namely the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cattle with a total breeding stock population of 100778 and the Ukrainian red-and-white dairy cattle - 35270. The material was based on the structural formations (intrabreed types) - Southern (6528 heads in 12 herds), Central-eastern (49001 heads in 69 herds), Western (15746 heads in 19 herds), Polissya (27031 heads in 38 herds) and Sumy (2472 heads in 4 herds), they belong to the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cattle, and the Central one (23822 heads in 41 herds), South-eastern (8431 heads in 16 herds), Prykarpattia (3017 heads in 3 herds) to the Ukrainian red-and-white dairy cattle. It is established that intergroup differentiation was observed on quantitative and qualitative indicators. Thus, the highest average hopes were observed in cows of the Central-eastern (7640 kg) and the South-eastern (7184 kg) types. In other structural formations, milk productivity ranged from 6012 kg to 6951 kg. Live weight of cows of the Western type is 553 kg, with low amplitude of other types (560 kg… 579 kg). The range of the main components of milk in the studied intrabreed types in terms of fat and protein content is 3,67%… 4,04% and 3,13%… 3,27%, respectively. In each intrabreed type there is a selection nucleus for selection of the best cows and obtaining valuable offspring from them, the analysis of which showed a tendency to increase the milk yield of lactating cows by an average of 457 kg and their live weight - by 11 kg. Also, the main components of milk have a fluctuating level, which does not depend on lactation and intrabreed types, which in turn may indicate inadequate selection for them. According to the analysis of the distribution of cows by calving, a high share of first-borns in the structure of types was noted, which ranges from 27,3% in the Western to 41,2% in the South-eastern types.
Key words: breed, intra-breed type, milk productivity, live weight, breeding stock population, herd structure, age of first calving.
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