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Accumulation of heavy metals cadmium and lead in the internal organs and tissues of produc tive animals under conditions of technogenic load on agroecosystems

The ecological safety of agroecosystems today is determined by both man-made pollution and the harmful effects of war on the environment. Dangerous ecotoxicants, heavy metals, including cadmium and lead, enter the atmospheric air, which migrate in trophic chains, entering the body of dairy cows with feed rations, accumulate in various organs and tissues, disrupting the endoecological state. An acute experiment was conducted on dairy cows of Ukrainian black and-white and red-and-white dairy breeds with a live weight of 500–545 kg. Agrobiogeocenoses, where the cows were kept, have been located near environmentally hazardous man-made objects. At the end of the experiment, three animals were slaughtered from each group and average samples of internal organs and tissues were selected. Chemical analysis of samples for the content of heavy metals was carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The purpose of the research is to analyze the content of Cd and Pb in the internal organs of dairy cows under the conditions of eco-safe milk production technology using premixes and a biological product. The kidneys, muscles, liver, lungs, spleen, heart and bones had the greatest accumulation of cadmium in the kidneys, muscles, liver, lungs, spleen, heart and bones; the lungs, kidneys, muscles, liver, bones, spleen and heart had the greatest accumulation effect in relation to Cd, which accounted for 57 % of the total amount of excess of the maximum permissible concentration. Cd accumulates most in the liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs. The main toxic impact of Cd falls on the kidneys and liver, which together account for approximately 38 %. 69 % of the excess of the MPC for Pb falls on the kidneys, liver, muscles and lungs, the remaining 31 % on the spleen, bones and heart. Pb accumulates most in the kidneys, liver, brain, bones. The kidneys, liver, lungs are characterized by the highest content of Cd, Pb. Cd, Pb are dangerous contaminants, the accumulation effect changes the endoecological state of the body of dairy cows with different types of feeding. Rebalancing diets with special premixes with injection of a biological preparation helps reduce the accumulation of VM in the internal target organs of the liver and kidneys, as well as in muscle tissue, which proves the positive role of antidote substances in the technological process of producing environmentally safe cow’s milk on cattle farms.

Keywords: liver, kidneys, diet, premix, pollutants.

PORTIANNYK S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-7352


MAMENKO O. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-2525


TSERENIUK O. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-9685


ONYSHCHENKO A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-1201


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BTF №1 2026