You are here

Головна » 2019 » BTF №2 2019

MIGRATION OF TOXIC METALS FROM VEGETABLE WASTE IN COMPOST

The article presents the results of studies of the heavy metals transformation from the raw plant materials (dry leaf, lawn grass, vegetable wastes) in the process of composting using the Californian worm. It is known that in cities during the growing season, a large number of fallen leaves is accumulated. It is a valuable raw material for fuel production; it is an excellent thermal insulator, it is considered to be a good mulch and can be recycled. We have developed a humus technology based on vegetable waste (fallen leaves) with the help of a Californian worm. Before composting, the concentration of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper and zinc) was determined in foliage collected from the streets of Vinnitsa. Analyzes showed that the background of these metals in plant waste did not exceed the maximum permissible norms. It has been experimentally proved that composting involves the conversion of heavy metals from fallen leaves to the body of the Californian worm and removing them as insoluble components in the lower compass. In addition, it has been experimentally established that during the composting period various heavy metals showed uneven migration and transformation in a soluble form. The most active was adsorption and removal of zinc compost. It was found that humic water-soluble compounds convert more than 78% of the total zinc that was contained in the composted substrate. The least mobile compound was lead. However, even such a metal, as lead, during 150 days of composting by the California worm, turned into 40% soluble form and migrated to the lower layers of humic liquids. Thus, the processing of vegetable waste from cities (fallen leaves, lawn grass, garbage disposal, etc.) by composting using growing worms will not only solve the social problem of utilization, but will also contribute to increasing environmental safety and economic efficiency.

Key words: heavy metals, transformation, California worms, compost, vegetable waste, utilization.

T. Shevchuk


DOROSHKEVICH N.


  1. D’iakonov, V. I. (2016). Ekoloho-ekonomichni pytannia utylizatsii opaloho lystia na terytoriiakh mista [Ecological and economic issues of utilization of fallen leaves on the territory of the city]. Komunalne hospodarstvo mist [Municipal economy of cities]. Issue 129, pp. 51–55.
  2. Shkidlyvi yakosti opaloho lystia: dovidnyk tsikavykh faktiv ta korysnykh znan [The harmful qualities of fallen leaves: a directory of interesting facts and useful knowledge]. Available at: https://dovidka.biz.ua (Accessed 20.11.2018).
  3. Ilnytska, T. Hroshi – pid nohamy [Money under your feet]. Available at:https://day.kyiv.ua/uk/profile/tetyana-ilnicka (Accessed 04.10.2018).
  4. Kompleksna prohrama okhorony navkolyshnoho pryrodnoho seredovyshcha m. Dnipropetrovska na 2011-2015 rr. (2011). [Integrated Environmental Protection Program of Dnipropetrovsk for 2011-2015]. Dnipropetrovsk, 11p.
  5. Lysyniuk, O. (2010). Opale lystia – ne smittia [Dry leaves are not rubbish]. Available at: http://kreschatic.kiev.ua/ ua/3777/art/1286474426 (Accessed 08.10.2010).
  6. Terendii, M. Opale lystia – tse dobryvo, a ne smittia [Dry leaves are fertilizers, not garbage]. Available at: http://www.lvivpost.net/lvivnews/n/43437 (Accessed 03.11.2018).
  7. Mysnyk, O.F., Lytvynenko, A.O. (2016). Zabrudnenist pytnoi vody soliamy vazhkykh metaliv ta vyluchennia yikh z rozchyniv nanokompozytom tsyrkoniiu oksydu [Pollution of drinking water by salts of heavy metals and their extraction from solutions of nanocomposite of zirconium oxide]. Scientific Journal (Science Rise: Biological Science). no. 1(1), pp. 31–39.
  8. PrAT «Zelene hospodarstvo» [PJSC “Green Economy”] (2014). Kudy frankivtsi mozhut zdaty opale lystia [Where the inhabitants of Ivano-Frankivsk region can dispose of dry leaves]. Available at: http://www.blitz.if.ua/kudy-frankivci-mozhut-zdaty-opale-lystya.html (Accessed 27.11.2014).
  9. Sazanova, E.Ye. (2007). Sposob utylyzatsyy orhanycheskykh otkhodov dlia poluchenyia byohumusa v uslovyiakh horoda [The method of disposal of organic waste to produce biohumus in the city]. Problemy zboru, pererobky ta utylizatsii vidkhodiv: Zb. mater. konf. [Problems of collection, recycling and utilization of waste: Sb. mater conf.]. Odessa: LLC "INVATS", pp. 200–212.
  10. U Cherkasakh opale lystia peretvoriuiut na dobryvo [In Cherkassy, leaves are turned into fertilizers]. Available at: https://ukr.segodnya.ua/regions/others/v-cherkassah-opavshie-listya-prev... (Accessed12.11.2018).
  11. A Dictionary of Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
  12. Ali Mekki and Sami Sayadi. (2017). Study of Heavy Metal Accumulation and Residual Toxicity in Soil Saturated with Phosphate Processing Wastewater. Water Air Soil Pollut. 228(6), 215 p. Available at: http/doi: 10.1007/s11270-017-3399-0.
  13. Nutritional ecology of heavy metals. Animal / Hejna M and et. 2018, Oct. 12(10), pp. 2156–2170. Available at:http/doi:10.1017/S175173111700355X.
  14. John, H. Duffus. (2002). „Heavy metals“ a meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. Vol. 74, pp. 793–807. Available at:http/doi:10.1351/pac200274050793.
  15. Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Risk Assessment in Shenyang Industrial District, Northeast China / Xudong Jiaoand et. Chemosphere. 2019, Feb. 216, pp. 449–462. Available at:http/doi: 10.1016/j.
  16. Biomass Fuel Basedon Dead Leafs / Zaporozhets, O.V. and et. Proceeding softhe National Aviation University. 2010, no. 1, pp.185–190.
  17. Zhongmin, Ji.A., Siyue, Li., Li, Wang. (2018). Assessment of soil heavy metals for eco-environment and human health in a rapidly urbanization area of the upper Yangtze Basin.Scientific Reports. Vol. 8, pp. 32–36.
AttachmentSize
PDF icon shevchuk_2_2019.pdf207.71 KB
2019
BTF №2 2019