You are here
Comprehensive biotechnology of livestock farm wastewater purification
The environmental situation in the country, domestic and foreign experience of biologisation of agriculture indicate the need to develop and implement post-industrial bioconversion technologies and their integrated use. Currently, the problem of treating concentrated wastewater, which also includes livestock farm wastewater, is becoming increasingly important in addressing environmental issues. The use of livestock wastewater on irrigation fields and composting does not allow for the full range of organic matter available in them. On the other hand, the current methods of treating and disinfecting these wastewaters do not provide the required degree of purification. Insufficiently purified wastewater (the degree of purification during aerobic treatment is 55–60% in terms of biochemical oxygen consumption), emergency discharges from manure storage facilities, storm water discharges from the complex’s territories, and excessive irrigation rates all cause soil and water pollution, which is why improved purification technologies are needed. The most promising from an environmental point of view is a comprehensive technology for the purification of concentrated wastewater from livestock farms and complexes using anaerobic (methane) fermentation at the preliminary stage of purification followed by aerobic purification, as well as the use of a biofilter and hydroponic installation. The research was conducted on the manure wastewater of a dairy cattle farm. For their purifica tion, a plant consisting of an anaerobic-aerobic fer menter, a biofilter, a block of containers, heat supply and aeration systems was used. The liquid fraction of manure effluents was subjected to biological purification on a mock-up sample of the technological line after settling in the block of containers. Methane fermentation of the effluent was carried out in a methane tank. The fermentation exposure was 5 days at a temperature regime (process temperature 40...45 °C). The fermented effluent entered the aeration tank, where it was aerated with compressed air for 2,5 days. The pre-purified effluent was subjected to further purification on a biofilter, then – on hydroponic equipment, the crop was barley, the seeding rate was 5 kg/m2, the duration of growing hydroponic green fodder was 7 days. As a result of the purification of livestock farm wastewater using biological treatment using anaerobic and aerobic aeration and a biofilter, as well as hydroponic equipment, the pH value decreased from 8,61 to 7,6, the COD decreased from 3282 mg/l to 746 mg/l, the BOD5 decreased from 2177 mg/l to 96 mg/l, the nitrogen content decreased from 955 mg/l to 152 mg/l), the phosphorus content decreased from 180 mg/l to 7 mg/l. As a result of the use of the biofilter, the suspended solids content decreased from 1520 mg/l to 70 mg/l. The purified wastewater from the livestock farm after growing hydroponic green fodder can be used for technical purposes and cannot be used for direct discharge into water bodies. It was established that the obtained feed corresponds in chemical composition to the GZK, which was grown on an artificially prepared base solution, and the optimal duration of cultivation is 7 days at an optimal seeding rate – 5 kg/m2. The obtained research results give grounds to conclude that it is expedient to use combined technologies that include the processes of microbiological non-sterile fermentation and phytopurification. The resulting biomass can be used as hydroponic green fodder.
Key words: waste disposal, microbiological fermentation, phytoremediation, hydroponic green fodder, livestock effluents.
- Boltyansʹka, N.I., Dereza, S.V. (2020). Analiz prychyn zahvorjuvannja koriv na subklinichnyj mastyt [Analysis of the causes of cows' disease with sub clinical mastitis]. Tehnichne zabezpechennja innovacijnyh tehnologij v agropromyslovomu kompleksi: Mat. II Mizhnar. nauk.- prakt. konf. [Technical sup port of innovative technologies in the agro-industrial complex: Mat. II International Scientific-Practical Conference]. Melitopol: TSATU, pp. 205–209. (in Ukrainian).
- Dereza, O.O. (2021). Zalezhnist' produktyvnosti tvaryn vid pokaznykiv jakosti pytnoi' vody [De pendence of animal productivity on drinking water quality indicators]. Melioracija ta vodovykorystannja [Reclamation and water user]. Profesijna osvita: stan ta perspektyvy: materialy HIII nauk.-prakt. konf. [Vo cational education: status and prospects: materials of the 13th scientific-practical conference]. Yakymivka, pp. 50–54. (in Ukrainian).
- Dereza, S.V. (2020). [Determination of the main measures for the energy-efficient functioning of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine: materials of the 1st International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Technical Support of Innovative Technolo gies in the Agro-Industrial Complex”]. Melitopol: TSATU, pp. 426–431. (in Ukrainian).
- Boltyansʹkyy, B.V., Sklyar, O.H., Sklyar, R.V. (2020). Enerho- ta resursozberezhennya v tvarynnytstvi: pidruchnyk dlya zdobuvachiv vyshchoyi osvity zakladiv vyshchoyi osvity [Energy and resource con servation in livestock farming: a textbook for higher education students of higher education institutions]. K.: Publishing House "Condor", 410 p. (in Ukrainian).
- Sklyar, R.V., Sklyar, O.H., Boltyansʹka, N.I., Boltyansʹkyy, B.V., Dereza, S.V. (2019). Metody intensyfikatsiyi protsesiv oderzhannya biohazu [Methods of intensification of biogas production process es]. The third international scientific congress of scientists of Europe. 56 p. (in Ukrainian).
- Boltyansʹka, N.I., Boltyansʹkyy, B.V., Dere za, S.V. (2020). Proektuvannya ta montazh tekhniky ahropromyslovoho vyrobnytstva»: kurs lektsiy [De sign and installation of agricultural production equip ment: course of lectures]. Melitopol: Publishing and Printing Center "Lux", 196 p. (in Ukrainian).
- Goncharuk, I.V. (2020). Biogas production in the agricultural sector – a way to increase energy in dependence and soil fertility”. Agrosvit, no. 15, pp. 18–29 (in English).
- Kaletnik G. (2018). Production and use of bio fuels: Second edition, supplemented: textbook. Vinnytsia: LLC “Nilan-Ltd”, 336 p. (in English).
- Pierro, N., Giuliano, A., Giocoli, A., Barletta, D., De Bari, I. 2023. Process Design of the Biogas Upgrading to Biomethane Using Green Hydrogen. Chemical Engineering Transactions, no. 100.
- Boltyansʹka, N.I., Sklyar, O.H., Sklyar, R.V., Boltyansʹkyy, B.V., Dereza, S.V. (2019). Mashy novykorystannya tekhniky v tvarynnytstvi: kurs lektsiy (Chastyna 2) [Mechanical use of equipment in livestock farming: a course of lectures (Part 2)]. Melitopol: TDATU, 160. 7 p. (in Ukrainian).
- Sklyar, R.V., Sklyar, O.H., Boltyansʹkyy, B.V. (2019). Mashynovykorystannya tekhniky v tvarynnytstvi: navchalʹnyy posibnyk z vykonannya labora tornykh robit [Mechanical use of equipment in live stock farming: a textbook for performing laboratory work]. Melitopol: TDATU, 180 p. (in Ukrainian).
- Sklyar, O.H., Sklyar, R.V. (2019). Mekha nizovani tekhnolohiyi v vyrobnytstvi silʹsʹkohospo darsʹkoyi produktsiyi: posibnyk-praktykum [Mecha nized technologies in the production of agricultural products: manual-workshop]. Melitopol: Lux, 303 p. (in Ukrainian).
- Boltianskyi, B., Sklyar, R., Boltianska, L., Grigorenko, S., Syrotyuk, S., Jakubowski, T. (2021). The Process of Operation of a Mobile Straw Spread ing Unit with a Rotating Finger Body-Experimental Research. Processes, 9 (7), 1144 p. (in English).
- Dereza, O.O., Boltyansʹka, N.I., Dereza, S.V. (2021). Ogljad i naprjamky rozvytku suchasnyh tehnologij ochyshhennja stichnyh vod svynokompleksiv: mater. I mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. konf., «Tehnichne zabezpechennja innovacijnyh tehnologij v agropro myslovomu kompleksi» 0,1-26 lystopada 2021 r [Review and directions of development of modern technologies for wastewater treatment of pig farms: materials of the 1st international scientific and prac tical conference, "Technical support of innovative technologies in the agro-industrial complex" Novem ber 0, 1-26, 2021]. Tavrichesky State Agrotechnical University named after Dmitry Motorny, pp. 154 161. (in Ukrainian).
- Malʹovanyy, M.S., Petrushka, I.M. (2012). Ochyshhennja stichnyh vod pryrodnymy dyspersny my sorbentamy: monografija [Wastewater treatment with natural dispersed sorbents: monograph]. M-vo osvity i nauky, molodi ta sportu Ukrai'ny, Nac. un-t «L'viv. Politehnika» [Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine, National Uni versity "Lviv. Polytechnic". L.: Publishing House of Lviv]. Polytechnics, 180 p. (in Ukrainian).
- Markova N. V., Khonenko L. H., Panfilova A.V. (2020). Tekhnolohiya vyrobnytstva roslynnykh kormiv: metodychni rekomendatsiyi do samos tiynoho vyvchennya navchalʹnoyi dystsypliny dlya zdobuvachiv vyshchoyi osvity stupenya «bakalavr» spetsialʹnosti 204 «TVPPT» dennoyi formy navchannya [Plant feed production technology: methodolog ical recommendations for independent study of the academic discipline for applicants for the degree of "bachelor" of higher education in specialty 204 "TVPPT" full-time study]. Mykolayivsʹkyy natsionalʹnyy ahrarnyy universytet [Mykolaiv National Agrarian University]. Mykolaiv, 99 p. (in Ukrainian).
- Hidroponni zeleni kormy [Hydroponic green fodder]. 2011. Available at:https://studfile.net/pre view/7376036/page:32/ (in Ukrainian).
- Vorontsov, O.O. (2016). Stichni vody tvarynnytsʹkykh kompleksiv, yak substrat dlya anaerobnoyi fermentatsiyi [Wastewater from livestock complexes as a substrate for anaerobic fermentation]. Scien tific Works of the National University of Chemis try and Technology, Vol. 22, no. 16, pp. 52–65. (in Ukrainian).
- Znachennya BSK5 u vodoymakh z riznym stupenem zabrudnenosti [The value of BOD5 in water bodies with different degrees of pollution]. 2019. Available at:https:// studfile.net/preview/9807759/page:92/ (in Ukrainian).
- Pro zatverdzhennya metodyk vykonannya vymiryuvanʹ pokaznykiv u stichnykh vodakh: nakaz № 107 vid 28.05.2004. Derzhavnyy komitet Ukrayiny z pytanʹ zhytlovo-komunalʹnoho hospodarstva [On approval of methods for measuring indicators in wastewater: Order No. 107 of 28.05.2004. State Committee of Ukraine for Housing and Communal Services]. 2004. Available at:https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0107508-04#Text (in Ukrainian).
- Sadovsʹka N.P., Popovych H.B., Symochko V.V., Sheydyk K.A. (2023). Suchasni tekhnolohiyi vyroshchuvannya ovochevykh kulʹtur u vidkrytomu ta zakrytomu grunti: metodychni rekomendatsiyi do laboratornykh robit ta samostiynoyi roboty [Modern technologies for growing vegetable crops in open and closed soil: methodological recommendations for laboratory work and independent work]. Uzhhorod: Publishing House of UzhNU "Hoverla", 124 s. (in Ukrainian).
- Umovy skydannya zvorotnykh vod u vodni ob’yekty [Conditions for discharging return water into water bodies]. Available at:https://wiki.legalaid.gov.ua/index.php/Умови_скидання_зворотних_ вод_у_водні_об%27єкти (in Ukrainian).
- Chuhuyevets, V. (2024). Hidroponnyy zelenyy korm [Hydroponic green fodder]. Svizha trava protyahom tsiloho roku [Fresh grass throughout the year]. 18 p. Available at:https:// propozitsiya.com/ua/ gidrotehnologiya-u-virishenni-problemi-kormiv (in Ukrainian).
- Hidroponnyy zelenyy korm [Hydroponic green fodder]. Znyzhennya vmistu fytynovoy kysloty [Reducing phytic acid content]. 2017. Available at:https://ukrprolife.prom.ua/ua/a317661-gidropon nyj-zelenyj-korm.html (in Ukrainian).
Attachment | Size |
---|---|
![]() | 745.19 KB |