The level of cows milk production of and their adaptation to industrial technology as well as their health and longevity depend largely on their exterior, constitution and fatness.

Fatness cows is a direct reflection of feeding efficiency on the farm and enables to estimate the changes in the condition and status of cows in different stages of lactation. Periodic determination of nutritional status allows you to compare the current state of cows and to adjust the feeding process in either way according to the developed guidelines.

The data for the period 2013-2014 indicate that on both farms the 2nd and 3rd lactations cows had higher yield compared with 1st lactation cows. Thus, on "Terezine" ALC (automatic farm) the highest milk yield was in third lactation cows – 10177.4 kg (Table 2). In cows of 2nd and 1st lactation the quantity of milk received was lower and mader 8853, 2 kg of milk for the 2nd and 6542.7 kg milk for 1st lactation. Thus, the stability of the lactation curve (defined by different methods) was the highest in cows of the 2nd lactation and the milk yield increased at rates falling from 66.9% in the 1st lactation to 78.2% in the 3rd lactation.

In BNAU SREC (scientific research educational complex) 1st lactation cows was yield was the lowest and amounted to 6521.4 kg; in 2nd lactation cows it was 7133.8 kg and in 3rd lactation cows – 7657.6 kg. Resistance lactation, determined by Johansson-Hansson method, was the lowest in first calved cows – 73.4 and in 2nd and 3rd lactations cows it was higher – 76.4 and 78.6 respectively. Determined by the method of Turner the lowest rate stability was in 2nd lactation cows.

In BNAU SREC cows with fatness index 2.5 and 2.25 make the major part of the livestock – 32 (43.8%) and 16  animals (21.9%) respectively, slightly lower was the amount of cows with fatness index 2.75 and 3.0 – 12 (16.4%) and 7 (9.5%)  animals, respectively, with the fatness index more than 3 points – 6 (8.4%) animals. For all that, fatness in 1st lactation cows was 3.25 points at the beginning, followed by falling to 2.75 points in the second month, in the period from the third to the fifth month of lactation it was at 2.5 points, and from the sixth month it began to rise gradually to 3.0 and 3.25 points in the eighth and ninth months respectively, in the tenth month the fatness index was 3.5 points (Figure 4). Gradual decrease from
2.75 points in early lactation to 2.5 in 2nd lactation cows was observed and 2.25 points in the second and third months, respectively, and from the fifth month the fatness increased to 2.5 points with a further increase the seventh and ninth month of lactation to 2.75 and 3.0 points, in the tenth month of fatness it was 3 points. As to 3rd lactation cows, their fatness dynamics was marked with a sharp drop from 3.0 to 2.5 points in the period from the first to the second month and decreased to 2.25 points in the third month of lactation and remaining at a stable level until the fifth month, and from the sixth and eighth month the fatness increased to 2.5 and 2.75 points, respectively, in the tenth month fatness level was 3.0 points.

Thus, the same tendency is observed on both farms: increase in cows milk production in early lactation is simultaneous with their fatness decrease, and a decrease in milk production during the 3th – 4^th lactation month, the fatness begins to rise. For all that, "Terezine" farm (robot-automat) lactation curves in 1st and 2nd lactations cows are characterized with a higher stability and lower descending until  the 7th month after calving compared to the same cows of BNAU SREC. In 3rd lactation milk cows the yield drop was the most intensive, and the lactation curve was the highest; their lactation curves are less stable. The curves of the 1st and 3rd lactation cows are characterized by a sharp decline in yields on the 5th month, and in the next two months – no lactation recession was observed.

Some different are the lactation curves of the firstcalved cows, which accounts for the peak in the third month of lactation.

Under the robotic system of peak lactation curves maintenance in firscalved cows, the peak is observed on the 3rd month of lactation, with a gradual decline in the 7th month, indicating a longer period of their adaptation to the new technology.

Lactation curves of BNAU SREC cows characterized by lower levels and greater stability. Their decrease in all groups of animals begins after the second month of lactation.

Under the robotic system of farming the level of cows fatness is characterized with less dexrease in early lactation – by
0.5 points from 1st to 3rd month. For all that,  3rd lactation cow are characterized with a rapid decrease in nutritional status compared with other animals – by 0.5 points from 1st to 2nd month.

In BNAU SREC level of fatness decrease in 1st and 3rd lactations cows is higher and amounts to 0.75 points, and the 2nd lactation cows – 0.5 points. For all that, initial fatness of the 1st and 3rd lactations cows was higher by 0.25 points than in cows farmed under robotic system. At the 10th month of lactation the fatness was higher in firstcalved cows – 3.75 points, for all the other animals in both farms it was 3.0 points.

So, under the robotic farming system maintenance with free access to forage mixture and normalized feeding with concentrated feeds less marked fluctuations in nutritional status of cows compared to the conventional loose-boxed system and forage mixture feeding from feeding tables. Decline in high yield performance cows (3rd lactation) nutritional status is more intense than in cows with an average (2nd lactation) and low (1st lactation) performance.

Key words: fatness, productivity, lactation, automatic milking, outdoor farming.